2022年12月,中国医学科学院血液病医院冯四洲教授团队在Journal of Infection发表的一项研究[1],比较了mNGS与传统微生物学检测的诊断准确性及价值。这是目前血液病感染领域mNGS诊断的最大宗研究,值得我们进一步关注mNGS在此领域的应用。
研究结果显示,在血液病患者的血液样本中进行mNGS检测的病原检出率明显高于传统微生物学检测(72.6% vs. 31.4%),血液样本病原mNGS检测的灵敏度为82.6%,特异度为59.0%。与非粒缺组患者相比,粒缺组传统微生物学检测阳性率明显低于非粒缺组,联合血液样本病原mNGS检测可以提高病原检出率。同时,血液样本病原mNGS相比传统微生物学检测,检出的微生物种类更多,尤其对于肺孢子菌、毛霉、诺卡菌、分枝杆菌等传统微生物学检测阳性率较低的病原种类,血液样本病原mNGS检测性能明显优于传统微生物学检测。
2022年6月发表于《柳叶刀-血液病学》(Lancet Haematol)的一项来自荷兰的非劣效性、开放标签、多中心、随机试验[3],纳入281例因血液系统恶性肿瘤接受强化化疗或造血干细胞移植治疗且发生FN的成年患者,随机接受美罗培南短程(3天)或长程(≥9天)抗菌治疗。结果显示,短程和长程治疗的治疗失败率分别为19%和15%,两组没有显著差异(校正后风险差异为4.0%,90%CI:–17%~97%,P=0.25),短程治疗组的严重不良事件发生率(16% vs 10%)、死亡率(3% vs 1%)略高于短程治疗组。
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